How should lithium batteries be shipped?
How should lithium batteries be shipped?
Lithium batteries power phones, laptops, tools, e-bikes and many other products. They can also pose a fire risk if they are damaged, short-circuited, incorrectly packed or exposed to heat. That is why their transport is regulated as Dangerous Goods in many circumstances.
The right shipping method depends on the battery chemistry, size and condition, how it is packed, and whether it is travelling by road, sea or air. Check the applicable rules for the whole journey before booking transport, or just ask RoadSafe Europe.
First, identify what you are shipping
Work out whether the goods are:
- Lithium-ion batteries, including lithium-polymer batteries
- Lithium-metal batteries
- Batteries shipped on their own
- Batteries packed with equipment
- Batteries contained in equipment
These configurations can have different UN numbers and requirements. For example, UN 3480 and UN 3481 generally apply to lithium-ion batteries, while UN 3090 and UN 3091 generally apply to lithium-metal batteries. The exact entry depends on how the batteries are presented for transport.
Record the battery’s chemistry, watt-hour rating for lithium-ion batteries, lithium content for lithium-metal batteries, and the number and configuration of cells or batteries. Use reliable manufacturer information to confirm the details.
Check the battery’s condition and test status
Before shipping, confirm that the battery type meets the applicable UN testing requirements, commonly referred to as UN 38.3. Manufacturers and distributors must make a lithium battery test summary available. Do not assume a battery is compliant just because it is sold commercially. UNECE: UN Manual of Tests and Criteria
Damaged, defective or recalled batteries may face stricter conditions or may be prohibited from transport by some modes. Stop and get specialist advice if a battery is swollen, leaking, overheating, physically damaged or subject to a recall.
Pack batteries to prevent movement and short circuits
Packaging must suit the battery and the applicable packing instruction. In general:
- Protect terminals against short circuit, for example with suitable caps, covers or individual packaging.
- Protect batteries from movement, damage and contact with conductive materials.
- Use packaging that is strong enough for the battery’s weight and the journey.
- Secure batteries installed in equipment so they cannot shift or become damaged.
- Follow any required inner packaging, cushioning and outer packaging provisions.
Do not pack damaged batteries with ordinary goods or dispose of them in general waste.
Apply the required marks, labels and documents
Depending on the battery and transport arrangement, the package or shipment may need lithium battery marks, Class 9 hazard labels, dangerous goods transport documents, or other information for the carrier. Some smaller batteries may qualify for reduced requirements, but only when all applicable conditions are met.
Tell the carrier what the consignment contains and provide accurate battery and packaging details. For sea freight, dangerous goods are handled under the IMDG Code; the current mandatory edition is the 2024 edition, Amendment 42-24, in force from 1 January 2026. International Maritime Organization: IMDG Code
For road and air transport, different rules apply. Air shipments in particular can have additional restrictions, including limits based on battery size, configuration and state of charge. Anyone packing dangerous goods for air transport must have training appropriate to their functions. GOV.UK: rules for different types of transport · CAA: transport of lithium batteries
Before handing the consignment to a carrier
Use this checklist:
- Confirm the battery chemistry, rating, configuration and condition.
- Identify the correct dangerous goods entry and any applicable special provisions or exceptions.
- Check UN 38.3 test status and obtain the test summary if needed.
- Select packaging and protection suitable for that battery and mode of transport.
- Apply the required marks and labels and prepare any transport documents.
- Give the carrier accurate information and confirm it accepts that battery type and shipment.
- Check every leg of a multimodal journey, including any road connection to or from a port or airport.
The requirements can change depending on the battery, package and route. If you are uncertain about classification, eligibility for an exception, or packaging and marking, consult a Dangerous Goods specialist before shipping.
Further guidance